Introduction

Ukrainian Special Forces have recently made use of a new generation of sophisticated drones, increasing their capacity to launch accurate strikes against Russian soldiers. These drones, referred to as ‘dragon drones,’ employ thermite, a highly incendiary chemical that burns at around 2,448 degrees Celsius (4,440 degrees Fahrenheit) (Lendon, 2024). This new strategy represents Ukraine’s shifting tactics in reaction to the ongoing conflict. It demonstrates Ukraine’s adjustement to the changing reality of the war, using cutting-edge drone technology and accurate attacks to outmanoeuvre its enemies.

Impact of ‘Dragon Drones’

Ukraine appears to be relying on this new fleet of fire-spewing ‘dragon drones’ in its fight against the Russian invaders, putting a modern spin on a weapon employed to horrifying effect in both World Wars (Lendon, 2024). In early September 2024, the Ukrainian Defence Ministry broadcasted a series of videos on social media showing low-flying drones pouring torrents of fire on Russian-held positions (Lendon, 2024; Altman, 2024). The 60th Ukrainian Infantry Brigade used such an arsenal to destroy a Russian munitions store concealed in a grove (Guichard, 2024). 

Thermite is highly destructive. It can burn through practically anything, even metal, making it almost impossible to protect against (Lendon, 2024). It can swiftly burn down trees and foliage, which may provide cover for Russian forces, if not killing or injuring them completely (Lendon, 2024). Although thermite must be near the target to have an impact, a tiny drone can place it with high precision (Hambling, 2024). 

‘Dragon drones’ differ from previous models in that they deliver extensive effects like no other, with remarkable accuracy (Altman, 2024; Hambling, 2024). Although thermite is not as efficient against armour, it is highly effective for precise strikes against flammable targets without any risk to the operator (Hambling, 2024). On a thermite-spreading run, a single drone may cause massive damage, as opposed to the considerably more restricted impacts often associated with smaller weaponised drones (Altman, 2024). According to the United Kingdom-based organisation Action on Armed Violence (AOAV), dragon drones are highly effective and dangerous because they combine thermite with high-precision drones that can overcome standard defences (Al Jazeera Staff, 2024)

Strategic Timing and Potential Impact

Mr. Matthew Moss, small arms historian and co-founder of The Armourer’s Bench stated in a recent interview with the Kyiv Independent that with autumn approaching, it is highly strategic for Ukraine to deploy them now while conditions in the field are still favourable (York, 2024). Aside from dealing severe damage, the weapons are expected to assist Ukrainian soldiers with reconnaissance operations (Al Jazeera Staff, 2024). Analysts predict that subsequent bombing campaigns will be more accurate with less foliage due to dragon drones’ widespread deployment  (Al Jazeera Staff, 2024). The psychological impact of this weapon is also not to be understated (Altman, 2024). Their capacity to disperse thermite across a large area with good precision can instil fear and contribute to low morale among Russian soldiers. 

Ethical Considerations

Thermite can burn through practically anything, even metal, therefore there is virtually no defence against it when it is employed effectively. It is likely to kill anyone in its immediate trajectory and put anyone in the surrounding area at severe risk due to secondary burns and oxygen deprivation (Altman, 2024). It is not unlawful to utilise weaponry such as ‘dragon drones’ against military targets in battle. Nevertheless, using incendiary weapons on civilian populations violates International Law, as it is specifically banned under the Geneva Convention (Al Jazeera Staff, 2024; Guichard, 2024; Altman, 2024). Similarly, using them on military targets within inhabited areas or in wooded regions is also unlawful unless the natural cover is thought to conceal military objectives (Al Jazeera Staff, 2024).

Future Use and Strategic Goals

Thermite is anticipated to be used more often as Ukraine intensifies drone strikes against Russian facilities and power substations, and the metal fences the Russians have begun installing around such infrastructure are unlikely to deter them (Hambling, 2024). The deployment of dragon drones is a leap forward in modern warfare, showcasing tactical innovation that has the potential to transform battlefield fighting techniques. Militarily, Ukraine’s goal is to maximise the operational efficacy of these drones while avoiding scenarios that might result in excessive Russian reprisals, international outcry, or violations of International Law. As the battle progresses, incorporating sophisticated drone technology into conventional and irregular warfare will become more prevalent.

Bibliography

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