Read more about the article Long-Range Capabilities Development in Ukraine: Current Projects and Implications for Europe
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Long-Range Capabilities Development in Ukraine: Current Projects and Implications for Europe

The 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine demonstrated how crucial long-range capabilities are in modern warfare. After a brief overview of Ukraine and Russia’s situation in this area at the beginning of the hostilities as well as the Western policy over missile supplies to Ukraine, this paper analyses how Ukraine has focused on the development of domestic long-range munitions to pursue a more autonomous strategic interdiction campaign against Russia, increasing its future deterrence potential. The study also discusses what implications these projects could have on future European missile capabilities in the context of an uncertain security environment and increased disengagement from the United States vis a vis European security.

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17 March 2025
Read more about the article Rapid Response in a Changing World: The New Force Model (NFM) as a Game Changer for NATO’s Readiness?
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Rapid Response in a Changing World: The New Force Model (NFM) as a Game Changer for NATO’s Readiness?

The New Force Model (NFM) represents a fundamental shift in NATO’s defence posture. This strategy is designed to enhance rapid deployment, deterrence, and interoperability in response to the current volatile geopolitical context characterised by evolving security threats. This study examines the NFM’s origins, structural evolution, and operational implications, particularly considering Russia’s aggression and the new dimensions of hybrid warfare. A key element of this transformation is the Allied Reaction Force (ARF), whose multi-domain capabilities are currently being assessed through Steadfast Dart 2025 (STDT25), NATO’s largest military exercise of the year. The findings highlight progress in force readiness while underscoring persistent challenges, including logistical coordination and multinational integration. As NATO adapts to modern warfare, refining the NFM will be essential to maintaining credible deterrence and collective defence.

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11 March 2025
Read more about the article The Impact of Intergovernmentalism on Interoperability in Developing a Common European Defence
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The Impact of Intergovernmentalism on Interoperability in Developing a Common European Defence

As Europe faces evolving security challenges, the need for a unified and common approach to defence within the EU has never been more pressing. Yet the intergovernmental model of governance, with its emphasis on national sovereignty, significantly hampers the EU's ability to develop a cohesive defence ecosystem. This article investigates this issue from the perspective of interoperability, defined as the ability of different systems or actors to work together in an efficient and coordinated manner. Given the plasticity of this concept, it can be articulated in various ways, and in this case is tripartite in its institutional, material and strategic dimensions. Therefore, this paper dissects the impact of intergovernmental logic on these interoperability dimensions while highlighting the European Commission's emerging role in transcending these limitations through entrepreneurial political activities. In conclusion, this analysis highlights the critical interplay between national sovereignty and collective defence efforts within the EU.

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6 March 2025
Read more about the article Beyond Exquisite: Europe’s Defence Strategy in the Era of Precise Mass
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Beyond Exquisite: Europe’s Defence Strategy in the Era of Precise Mass

As precision strike capabilities proliferate globally, European states face the strategic dilemma of finding the right balance between mass and precision in their defence posture. Historically reliant on high-quality, exquisite systems, a legacy of the Cold War, their militaries must adapt to an era where lower-cost, mass-produced precision weapons are reshaping modern warfare. While the United States is recalibrating its strategy toward a mix of stealth and scale, Europe must craft its own approach, factoring in its industrial capacity, geopolitical imperatives, and alliance commitments. Successfully developing and integrating attritable systems without undermining technological superiority will be necessary to strengthen European armed forces and ensure long-term operational readiness. This article argues that European defence planners must rethink force structures and procurement strategies, striking the right balance between quality and quantity to enhance flexibility and credible deterrence in a volatile regional environment.

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5 March 2025
Read more about the article Checks and Balances in the High North: The British Vision of the Arctic
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Checks and Balances in the High North: The British Vision of the Arctic

The UK’s Arctic strategy is shaped by evolving geopolitical, military, and environmental challenges. Although not a part of the Arctic, the British Army plays a crucial role for the greater securitisation of the region. This paper examines the UK's defence contributions in the High North, focusing on military cooperation with Arctic states, strategic deterrence measures, and environmental considerations. Key initiatives such as Project Heimdall, the F-35 Lightning II program, and the Littoral Response Group (North) illustrate the UK’s commitment to NATO’s Arctic security framework. Additionally, UK partnerships with Arctic nations highlight collaborative approaches to Arctic governance. With increasing Russian and Chinese activity in the region, the UK’s role is crucial in maintaining stability through joint exercises and surveillance initiatives. The paper also explores future policy directions, including UK-Scandinavian security alignment and transatlantic defence shifts. Balancing military preparedness with environmental stewardship remains a core challenge for UK policymakers. As Arctic geopolitics continue to evolve, the UK's strategic role will be integral to shaping a secure and sustainable Arctic future.

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4 March 2025