Greater Swedish land force presence in Ukraine? A new bilateral security possibility 

On 16 November, Swedish Minister of Defence Peter Hultqvist made a statement regarding the further possibility of Swedish land force involvement in the Ukrainian conflict. This comes as a potential continuation of the Canadian Armed Forces-led operation UNIFIER. Formed as a wider Multinational Joint Commission, a larger body composed of the US, UK, Canada, Sweden, Poland, Lithuania, and Denmark, it aims to reform Ukraine's military. So far this reform process has involved the training of 10,000 Ukrainian land force troops.

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Fourth Wave PESCO Projects: A New Drive in the EU Defence Dynamic 

The EU Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO) - as part of the Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP) - went one step further, from cooperation to integration in defence, adopting the fourth wave of new security projects. On 16 November, the Council endorsed 14 new PESCO projects to further deepen defence cooperation between member states in five core areas: land, maritime, air, cyber, and space, which will enable joint training facilities and services.

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The U.S. Army’s latest pntOS software development enhances defence and security 

On November 8, 2021, Breaking Defense reported that the U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command’s C5ISR Centre released a new ‘pntOS’, a software allowing for posi-tioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) sensors that enable multi-domain operations and interop-erability under the complete range of threat conditions found in rapidly changing hostile envi-ronments among land forces.

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Another step towards a robust, secure, and resilient defence: NATO releases first-ever strategy for Artificial Intelligence

On 22 October, NATO unveiled its new strategy regarding the future use of Artificial Intelligence (AI). This acknowledges the fact that AI is altering the state of defence and security globally and is likely to lead to more technologically advanced threats to the organisation. As such, NATO plans to keep its technological edge through a joint plan to advance its use of AI in defence and security.

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Reactivating the 56th Artillery Command in Europe: Making US Army Europe and Africa More Competitive

The US Army recently announced the reactivation of the 56th Artillery Command in Europe. This announcement constitutes part of a larger project: Multi-Domain Operations aiming at countering two key military actors in the international environment: China and Russia. Indeed, the first Multi-Domain Task Force (MDTF) was activated in 2019 by US Army Pacific, focusing on countering the Chinese military influence in the region. US Army Europe and Africa activated the second MDTF to counter the Russian military influence in their area of responsibility. In September 2021, this Europe-based MDTF tested a high-altitude balloons system in Norway. Those tests are enshrined in Thunder Cloud. They constitute a real opportunity to improve strike capabilities for Long-Range Precision Fires. It is a top modernisation priority regarding the international security environment and the need for enhancing large-scale ground combat operations. While US Army Pacific is constrained to this specific region and its own objectives, this European unit will focus more on land operations, being composed of HQ elements, land, air, intelligence, cyberspace, electronic warfare and space detachment, and a brigade support company. For this reason, robotics engineer Yasemin Ozkan-Aydin, Professor of Electrical Engineering at the University of Notre Dame, drew inspiration from the collective behaviour of ants, bees, and birds to solve problems and overcome obstacles to develop collaborative legged robots mimicking their counterparts from the natural world.

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