Energy Security in the EU: How Energy Affects the Union’s Military Operations

From a geopolitical perspective, the major actor crowding EU policymakers’ minds is Russia, as the EU imports around 30% of its oil and 40% of its gas from there. This de- pendence, however, is not distributed evenly. Certain member states (MS) import almost all their energy from Russia, especially in Eastern Europe, while others are exporters themselves.

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The EU and its Maritime Security Strategy in the Indo-Pacific

During its meeting on 24th June 2014, the Council of the European Union (EU) adopted the document, proposed by the Greek Presidency, concerning the European Union Maritime Security Strategy (EUMSS), which lays out the framework for operations aimed at effectively facing the challenges related to maritime transport security. The EUMSS Action Plan was adopted on 16th December 2017 to safeguard the EU's interests and protect its member states (MS) and citizens. This plan addresses risks and threats in the global maritime domain, including organised and cross-border crime, threats to freedom of navigation, threats to biodiversity, unregulated fishing, or environmental degradation due to illegal or accidental discharges.

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Read more about the article The Development of the EU Cyber Security Strategy and its Importance
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The Development of the EU Cyber Security Strategy and its Importance

Over the last few years, many EU documents on cybersecurity have been published (Falessi, 2012, 2-6). The European Security Strategy included cyber threats as a new risk to European security (Klimburg, ed. 2011, 5-11). The EU is active in two cybersecurity areas. The first area consists of the necessary measures applied to combat cyberattacks, including cybercrimes. The second area consists of applying the necessary measures to support critical infrastructure protection and network security. The Common Foreign and Security Policy of cyber issues is underdeveloped, mainly due to the difficulties in approaching the subject. According to a European Parliament Study, cyber issues are perceived to be a matter often left to member states (MS).

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Read more about the article Proxy Warfare in a Post-Covid World
Figure 3: U.S. soldiers fire a M777 A2 Howitzer in support of Operation Inherent Resolve, Iraq – US Army photo by Pfc. Christopher Brecht, 29 November 2016. [Source: https://www.centcom.mil/MEDIA/IMAGERY/igphoto/2001678967/]

Proxy Warfare in a Post-Covid World

Written by Alberto Rizzi At first glance, defence would rarely be seen as a domain affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. Yet, the disruption brought by the virus into our societies…

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Read more about the article EU Defence in the Covid World
Medical Staff and Military Staff, 2020 Slovakia [https://pixabay.com/it/photos/paramedico-soldato-coronavirus-5716757/]

EU Defence in the Covid World

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a strong impact on most of the world, and Europe is no exception. The European economy was deeply affected in several sectors. Business-related to defence, security, and European defence cooperation was one of the hardest-hit sectors.

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