Financial Intelligence Unit Structures Under Scrutiny: Potential for Misuse and Ethical and Legal Considerations

This paper discusses financial intelligence’s ethical and legal considerations and explores the potential for misuse within Financial Intelligence Units (FIUs). More in detail, it examines the handling of information by FIUs from a legal perspective while also analysing how the structure of FIUs could allow for undue political influence under certain conditions. As a consequence, the structures designated to prevent or detect financial crimes could become part of the adverse circle instead of fighting it. Understanding the extent to which this process could lead to detrimental effects is the primary focus of the present paper. The study begins by outlining the characteristics of FIUs. It then analyses the ethical and legal implications associated with their operations, emphasising the risks of misuse. The paper then shifts its focus to corrupt environments with a detailed examination of Argentina’s case. The final section draws conclusions based on the preceding analysis and discussions.

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Intelligence Sharing in the EU: Legal Implications and the Role of the European Union Military Staff

The term intelligence refers to the process of collecting, analysing, evaluating, and presenting information to decision-makers to prevent tactical or strategic disruptions (Şeniz, 2015). Specifically, military intelligence is a component of intelligence with its own rules, procedures and intelligence tools. It refers to military threats, armed violence and military operations involving States and non-state actors in traditional armed conflicts as well as in asymmetric warfare. Intelligence has long been part of tactical and operational command and control in order to reduce the uncertainties of the battlefield, which Carl von Clausewitz referred to as the “fog of war”, and to assist military decision-makers in making effective decisions. Intelligence was initially conceived to provide information and analysis to assist the commander in making more effective decisions during conflicts (Rolington, 2013). Nowadays, military intelligence aims to study potential or actual adversaries and identify the risks or dangers in operational areas. Primarily, it aims to support the chain of command at strategic, operational and tactical levels, involving both political institutions and military staff. Military intelligence in the EU is linked to the Common Defence and Security Policy (CSDP) and reflects the ideological construction of the EU’s identity and international action (Gruszczak, 2023).

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Electronic Warfare: Between Recent Military Developments and New Strategic Priorities

During the last week of March 2022, various sources reported the capture of a Russian advanced electronic warfare system (EWS) by Ukrainian forces. According to Insider and The Time of London, the Ukrainian armed forces identified an abandoned, damaged container covered by tree branches between the town of Makariv and Kyiv. The container was eventually identified as the command post of one of the most advanced Russian EWS, the 1RL257 Krasukha-4.

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