Today’s world is rapidly changing. The European neighbourhood has become increasingly unstable during the last 20 years: new opportunities, new practices and new threats have emerged since the end of the Cold War. The digital era has brought opportunities but also raised concerns for our security. IT has increased the volume of available and useful data but paradoxically has made them more vulnerable. Security is an ever-evolving process. That is why it is essential for European states to stay aware and adapt to the opportunities, threats or challenges that shape our future. In this process, the military has a role too. In this food for thought paper, Finabel identifies three challenges and threats European land forces face today – and will increasingly face in the future – and shares reflections to address them…