Strategic Narratives: Russia’s Influence in Africa and the Challenge for Europe

Russia’s information operations in non-Western environments, particularly in African countries, have significant implications for European security and defence. Historical ties and prevailing sentiment in certain African states make them more susceptible to specific narratives that can be exploited to serve Russian strategic interests. This paper examines the mechanisms and objectives of Russia’s influence campaigns in these regions and assesses their impact on European interests. By analysing Russia’s methods and the vulnerabilities they target, the study aims to provide insight into potential countermeasures for both the EU and NATO. Strategic responses including strengthening digital resilience, enhancing diplomatic engagement, and fostering media literacy are explored as potential means to mitigate Russian influence and protect European security.

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The Involvement of the Private Sector in the Militarisation of Outer Space and the Liability Problem

The military use of space is not new, yet it has developed and become more advanced today. Space is relatively unregulated, as multilateral organizations such as the UN find themselves powerless to strengthen existing legal agreements. The private industry has evolved rapidly and challenges governments’ monopolization of the use of space. Outer space is now a shared realm with both public priorities and private initiatives, which impacts state security and the military use of space. The aim of this paper is to analyse how the involvement of private companies change the militarisation of outer space, which, while not new, has developed and become more advanced today. Some limits are placed by the existing legislation, but only upon States, while private companies are becoming more important in the outer space militarisation field.

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Setting the Limit for AI Weaponry in the Changing Nature of Modern Warfare

In an age when algorithms dictate almost every aspect of our lives, from social media feeds in daily life to missile trajectories in national and international decisions, Artificial Intelligence should be studied beyond purely technological curiosity in its application to warfare in reshaping the boundaries of security, ethics, and human rights. This paper explores the transformative role of AI in modern warfare, focusing on Israel’s deployment of AI-driven weaponry and its influential power in reshaping the future of armed conflict. The research delves into how the diminished role of human oversight has contributed to targeting inaccuracies and civilian casualties in the current war in Palestine.

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Generative AI and Foreign Electoral Interference: How Information Warfare Threatens Democracies

This article explores how foreign actors use generative AI and disinformation to manipulate democratic processes and public trust. Drawing on concepts such as digital geopolitics, information warfare, and disinformation, this paper analyses recent examples of electoral interference in the United States and the European Union. The study reveals how digital technologies and social media algorithms amplify polarisation and facilitate the exercise of malign foreign influence. Finally, it highlights forward-looking recommendations for EU resilience, highlighting the urgent need for action to preserve the integrity of its democratic institutions.

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An Analysis of Space Debris II: The Space Weaponisation and the Kessler Syndrome

The dual-use capacity of many space assets and technologies is bolstering the weaponisation of space and becoming a great threat to satellites and space-based services. Therefore, the militarisation of space presents security risks and technical, diplomatic and legal challenges. This paper delves into the challenges that weaponisation of space pose to the proliferation of space debris in orbit and the risk of triggering the Kessler Syndrome from a legal perspective. Consequently, this article proposes updating the international legal framework to regulate the behaviour of space actors, restrict the location in space of space weapons and assets as well as to ban certain weapons.

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