Read more about the article Ground Robotics in Modern Combat
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Ground Robotics in Modern Combat

The automation of military vehicles and systems has long been a feature of warfare, but the emergence and development of ground robotics are revolutionising modern combat. Since their deployment in conflicts such as in Afghanistan and Iraq, ground robots have evolved into increasingly capable and autonomous entities integrated into military operations (Rosenberg, 2024). Fuelled by recent conflicts such as the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict and the Russia-Ukraine War, which have highlighted the significant impact of military robotics on the battlefield, interest in the further development of this field continues. The development of unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs) has proceeded slowly, with ongoing challenges and questions surrounding their integration into military operations and ground forces (Gosselin-Malo, 2023). This paper aims to outline the advancements in ground robotics, explore the rationale for their increased proliferation in warfare, outline potential challenges in their widespread integration, and briefly analyse the deployment of such ordnance in the ongoing Russia-Ukraine War.

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27 March 2024
Read more about the article Revolutionising the Battlefield: How Unmanned Ground Vehicles are Replacing Humans in Armed Conflict
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Revolutionising the Battlefield: How Unmanned Ground Vehicles are Replacing Humans in Armed Conflict

Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGVs) are becoming increasingly common in security and combat operations. The introduction of Ukraine’s Lyut tank is a clear example of how automation is revolutionising armed combat. UGVs are currently capable of operating in a semi-autonomous manner but not in the use of lethal force. This paper will analyse the ways in which fully autonomous UGVS are being developed and introduced on the battlefield as well as the role that they may play in the future of security operations. As artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming omnipresent, it is necessary to understand the debate surrounding these systems in armed conflict.

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27 March 2024
Read more about the article Smaller EU Member States and How They Navigate International Security Frameworks – the Case of Portugal and Estonia
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Smaller EU Member States and How They Navigate International Security Frameworks – the Case of Portugal and Estonia

This paper delves deeper into the often-overlooked role of smaller member states within international and regional security and defence frameworks by exploring their experiences and strategic choices within the EU and NATO security and defence frameworks. It is essential to understand how smaller member states’ interests often differ significantly from those of larger members. Despite their constrained power and relatively modest economic and military resources in comparison to larger neighbours, small states hold certain advantages that enhance their capacity to influence global affairs. While they may lack the military and economic might as larger nations, their persistence, determination, and steadfastness can yield significant outcomes. Effective policymaking can elevate a small state into an influential player on the international stage.

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26 March 2024
Read more about the article EU Foreign Affairs Council Approves Ukraine Assistance Fund (UAF): €5 Billion for Military Aid
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EU Foreign Affairs Council Approves Ukraine Assistance Fund (UAF): €5 Billion for Military Aid

The European Peace Facility (EPF) has emerged as a critical financial instrument for delivering EU military assistance to Ukraine following the unprovoked Russian aggression against the country (Bilquin, 2023).Conceived as part of the 2016 EU Global Strategy, the EPF was established by the Council on 22 March 2021 through Council Decision CFSP 2021/509. It substitutes and expands upon former financial instruments and it is tailored to provide quick responses to security crises (Council of European Union, 2021), funding both lethal and non-lethal military equipment and supplies (Council of the European Union, 2024).

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26 March 2024
Read more about the article Convergence and Divergences: Unravelling the Challenges and Opportunities of the Future Combat Aircraft of Europe, a key element for European Interoperability
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Convergence and Divergences: Unravelling the Challenges and Opportunities of the Future Combat Aircraft of Europe, a key element for European Interoperability

The Russian war in Ukraine has underscored the importance of air superiority in achieving war objectives, demonstrating that fighting without it involves massed armies relying on ground-based artillery firepower, resulting in hundreds of thousands of deaths in the first year. Preventing prolonged and deadly campaigns for Land Forces is critical for Europe, a goal achievable through strong air capabilities. The Western world and Russia have long led in air combat technology. Since the Cold War, other nations, notably China, have advanced their aircraft capabilities to counter Western technologies. Building advanced aircraft requires significant investment in technological warfare and serves as a marker of geopolitical strength. Possessing self-made aircraft demonstrates industrial and financial capacity, as well as determination to achieve defence autonomy. Thus, it is worth analyzing whether Europe has the capability and determination to develop a standard combat air system.

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25 March 2024