What does International Law Say About Military Use of Outer Space, Legal Analysis of the McGill Manual

Since 2009, the European Defence Agency (EDA) has promoted and supervised a series of initiatives to improve interoperability between the Member States in joint operations involving the employment of helicopters. The Helicopter Exercise Programme (HEP) has so far produced sixteen joint exercises, which have progressively gained wider participation, with eight countries (France, Spain, Italy, Belgium, Finland, Hungary, Czech Republic, and Portugal) providing their infrastructures for the operations.

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The New German Vision of the EU as a Geopolitical Power: Implications of the “zeitendwende” Doctrine for the EU’s Security and Defence (Part II) 

On Monday 29th August 2022, the German Chancellor gives one of the founding speeches of  the future Germany’s EU policy. Four years after Emmanuel Macron’s Sorbonne speech, Olaf Scholz drew in sand 4 pillars of upcoming changes for the EU as a geopolitical creature and global power. But just " noting a change of era does not yet make a programme " (Mennerat, 2022) and since EU already operate deep change at its levels. In this second part, this paper will intents to explore from a legal point of view what such a doctrine could implies for EU’s defence and security future but also for it bilateral and multilateral cooperation, regarding the most substantial proposals made the German Chancellor to build a new German’s impulsed EU policy. 

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Prioritising European Security Flanks: Extrapolating the EU’s Geopolitical Power to Ukraine

The Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP), put into motion by the Maastricht Treaty, was supposed to underpin the EU's actorness and strengthen its defence capabilities. CSDP brings ‘an operational capacity to deploy civilian and military missions abroad’ (EEAS, 2022). Consequently, when it comes to interoperability per se, it should be considered from two perspectives: the technical and 'political' ones. The former envisages enhancing the cooperation among land forces on the ground while the latter grows in reaching coherence, efficiency and, even more critical – solidarity in pursuing the agreed strategy (Strategic Compass, 2022).

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The New German Vision of the EU a Geopolitical Power: Implications of the “zeitendwende”  doctrine for the EU’s security and defence (Part I)

On Monday 29th 2022, the German Chancellor delivered one of founding speech preparing the future Germany’s EU policy. Four years after Emmanuel Macron’s Sorbonne speech, Olaf Scholz drew in sand 4 pillars of upcoming changes for the EU as a geopolitical entity and aspiring global power. However, even if the EU has been already operating deep change at some levels, just "noting a change of era does not yet make a programme" (Mennerat, 2022). Therefore, this two-part paper aims to explore the origine and the echoes of this concept and then, the legals implication of the most substantial proposals made by the German Chancellor for the EU’s defence and security future.

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