Comms Editor - Finabel

Security over Humanity? Legal Implications of Withdrawals from the Anti-Personnel Mine Ban

This paper explores the legal and ethical implications of state withdrawals from the Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Convention (APMBC), particularly under claims of national security. As global security dynamics shift, some states are re-evaluating their adherence to disarmament treaties, raising concerns about the durability of humanitarian norms. Focusing on recent developments in Eastern Europe and NATO-aligned countries, the study argues that invoking national security to justify withdrawal lacks sufficient legal foundation and threatens to erode the integrity of international humanitarian law. Through analysis of Article 20 of the APMBC and related legal principles, it demonstrates that the treaty’s non-derogable humanitarian commitments cannot be overridden by strategic calculations. The paper warns that such withdrawals set dangerous precedents, weakening both normative and legal frameworks designed to protect civilians from indiscriminate weapons like landmines.

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20 August 2025

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The geopolitical importance of Cyprus: Turkish and British military presence on EU territory

The Republic of Cyprus holds a sensitive position within the European Union, facing compromised sovereignty due to ongoing military occupation and foreign control. Since accession to the EU in 2004, the entirety of the island is EU territory, though EU law remains suspended in those areas where the Republic of Cyprus has no effective control. The self-declared Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, recognised only by Türkiye, operates outside the effective control of the Republic of Cyprus and the European Union, creating a legal and political anomaly. Brexit further complicates cohesion, as the British Sovereign Base Areas in Akrotiri and Dhekelia remain under UK sovereignty and serve both British and US military interests. Cyprus remains the only EU Member State hosting non-EU military operations. The situation in Cyprus challenges EU sovereignty, regional security, and implementation of EU law. The presence of non-EU military on EU territory without effective EU control can exacerbate the precarious situation of Cyprus, leaving the island vulnerable to the geopolitical developments in the Eastern Mediterranean.

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18 August 2025

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The 2022 Russia-Ukraine War as a Test of Resolve: Challenges in Deterring Future Russian Aggression

The Russia-Ukraine War (2022) brought an unprecedented degree of unity and scale to the responses to Russia’s invasion among European Union member states and the United States, in a way that was incomparable to their responses to the Georgia (2008) and Ukraine (2014-2022) crises. A weak resolve – the firmness of those responses and the underpinning willingness to incur costs – in the preceding crises may have fostered an expectation in the Kremlin that Washington and European capitals' responses to future aggression would follow a similar path. Hence, this paper examines the challenges for resolve in responding to the Russia-Ukraine War (2022), in order to discourage future aggression. It finds that, throughout the three crises, concerns over escalatory risks and disunity in responses between European capitals and Washington constitute two persistent challenges. Maintaining unity can become increasingly fraught as the economic and political costs increase, especially in countries that have historically held closer cultural and economic ties with Russia.

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12 August 2025

Info Flash

The Operational Challenge of Climate Change for European Land Forces

Climate change has evolved into a standalone threat. This is changing the role and mission of European land forces, as they are increasingly required to perform humanitarian assistance and disaster relief, as well as partake in conflicts that are exacerbated through climate change. This climate phenomenon is straining the personnel of European land forces, as they are forced to train and operate under more extreme weather conditions, such as above-average heat. Their equipment is also proving inadequate to respond to these new requirements. European land forces, and Europe’s militaries in general, must cooperate and communicate in order to find common solutions to the challenge of climate change.

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11 August 2025

Read more about the article Toward a European System-of-Systems: Achieving Seamless Data Interoperability Between Sixth-Generation Fighter Projects (GCAP & FCAS)

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Toward a European System-of-Systems: Achieving Seamless Data Interoperability Between Sixth-Generation Fighter Projects (GCAP & FCAS)

Europe is fielding two sixth‑generation fighter families, the UK‑Italy‑Japan Global Combat Air Programme (GCAP) and the Franco‑German‑Spanish Future Combat Air System (FCAS), to reclaim strategic autonomy following F‑35 kill‑switch and data-sharing concerns. This InfoFlash frames interoperability as the decisive variable, defines the pan‑European combat cloud, and maps overlaps between GCAP, FCAS, and enabling standards such as Link16, ESSOR, EICACS and EPIIC. Making the two projects interoperable would allow Europe to fuse compress decision cycles and deny hostile vetoes over its airpower. Risks of fragmentation emerge if divergent architectures, EU–UK/Japan divides, or legacy dependencies persist. Recommendations call for a NATO‑anchored Combat Cloud Waveform task force, a federated digital‑twin lab chain, and a GCAP‑FCAS board to translate study outputs into flight‑verified standards before 2030. Achieving interoperability by design would secure European sovereignty and coalition effectiveness.

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7 August 2025

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