Conflict-related sexual violence (CRSV) is a grave violation of International Law and International Humanitarian Law, as well as a serious challenge in armed conflicts and global security, however is a crime that is frequently ignored and under-reported. The paper traces the development of the legal framework under which CRSV is recognised and explores the role of peacekeeping missions in preventing and responding to this phenomenon, underlining that CRSV is not an inevitable consequence of war, but a weapon used to control the population.